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Laparoscopic gallbladder surgery (cholecystectomy) removes the gallbladder and gallstones through several cuts (incisions) in the abdomen. The surgeon will inflate the abdomen with air or carbon dioxide to see clearly.
The surgeon will insert an illuminated instrument attached to a video camera (laparoscope) by an incision near the navel. Next, the surgeon will use a video screen as a guide while inserting surgical instruments within the other incisions to extract the gallbladder.
Before the surgeon extirp the gallbladder, it is possible to make a special X-ray procedure called intraoperative cholangiography, which shows the anatomy of the bile ducts.
You will need general anesthesia for this surgery, which usually lasts 2 hours or less.
After surgery, the bile flows from the liver (where it is produced) through the colored conduit and up to the small intestine. Because the gallbladder has been excised, the body can no longer store bile between meals. Most people cause few or any digestive effect.
In 5 to 10 out of 100 Laparoscopic gallbladder surgeries in the United States, the surgeon needs to change to an open surgery method that requires a greater incision. Examples of problems that may require open surgery rather than laparoscopic surgery include unexpected inflammation, cicatricial tissue, injury or bleeding.
What to expect after surgery
You may be able to make gallbladder surgery on an outpatient manner or could remain 1 or 2 days in the hospital.
Most people can return to their usual activities between 7 and 10 days later.Those subjected to laparoscopic gallbladder surgery are sore for about a week.But after 2 or 3 weeks they have much less discomfort than those who had an open surgery.Special diets or other precautions are not necessary after this surgery.
Why is it done
Laparoscopic gallbladder surgery is the best method of treating gallstones that cause symptoms, unless there is a reason why this surgery should not be carried out.
Efficiency
Laparoscopic gallbladder surgery is safe and effective.Surgery eliminates the gallstones that are in the gallbladder.Do not extirp the calculations present in the bundle conduit.Calculations can be formed in the heated duct years after the gallbladder has been removed, although this is uncommon.
Risks
The overall risk of a laparoscopic gallbladder surgery is very low.The most severe complications that can be presented include:
Infection of an incision.
Internal bleeding.
Lesion to the duct loop.
Lesion to the small intestine caused by one of the instruments used during surgery.
Risks of general anesthesia.
Other uncommon complications may include:
Biliary calculations that remain in the abdominal cavity.
Bilis that is filtered inside the abdominal cavity.
injury to the blood vessels of the abdomen, like the main blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the liver (hepatic artery). This is rare.
A biliary calculation that is pushed inside the canopy canopy.
A cut in the liver.
More than one operation is needed to repair these complications.
After gallbladder surgery, some people have persistent abdominal symptoms, such as pain, swelling, gases and diarrhea (post-station syndrome).
to think
Recovery is much faster and less painful after a laparoscopic surgery than after an open surgery.
The hospital stay after laparoscopic surgery is shorter than stay after an open surgery. People usually return home the same day or the next day compared to the stay between 2 and 4 days or longer for open surgery.
Recovery is faster after a laparoscopic surgery.
After a laparoscopic surgery, you will spend less time away from work and other activities (around 7 to 10 days compared to 4 to 6 weeks).
Inginal hernia
is surgery to repair a hernia on the abdominal wall of the groin. A hernia is a fabric that protrudes by a weak point on the abdominal wall. The intestines can protrude through this weakened area.
During the repair of hernia, this fabric that protrudes is pushed back into. The abdominal wall is strengthened and holds with sutures (stitches) and, sometimes, a mesh.
Description
You will probably receive general anesthesia (you will be asleep and painless) or spinal anesthesia for this surgery. If the hernia is small, you can apply local anesthesia and a medication to relax it. In this case, you will be awake, but without pain.
In open surgery, the surgeon will make an incision near the hernia.
Your surgeon will find the hernia and separate it from the tissues around it. Then he will remove the hernia sac or reintroduce the intestines within the abdomen.
The surgeon will close the weakened abdominal muscles with stitches. Often, a piece of mesh is also sewn in place to strengthen the abdominal wall. This repairs the weakness in the wall of the abdomen.
The surgeon may use a laparoscope instead of performing open surgery.
A laparoscope is a thin with a small camera on the end that allows the surgeon to see inside this area probe. The surgeon will make 3 or 4 small incisions in the lower abdomen, through which he will introduce the laparoscope and other small instruments.
It will do the same repair in open surgery.
The benefits of this surgery are a faster healing time, less pain and less scarring. It is possible that laparoscopic surgery is not recommended for larger or more complicated hernias, hernias or growing on both sides.
Why the procedure is carried out
The doctor may suggest surgery to repair a hernia bothers you if you have pain or hernia during their daily activities. If the hernia is not causing problems, you may not need surgery. However, these hernias usually do not disappear by themselves and can become bigger.
Sometimes, the intestines can be trapped inside, which is potentially fatal. If this happens, you need urgent surgery immediately.
Risks
Risks for any surgery are:
Bleeding.
Breathing problems, such as pneumonia.
heart problems.
infection.
Reactions to medications.
The risks of this surgery are:
Damage to blood vessels or organs.
nerve damage.
Damage to the testicles if a blood vessel connected to them are injured.
Prolonged pain in the incision area.
Return of the hernia.
before the procedure
Always tell the doctor or nursing staff:
If it is or could be in pregnancy.
If you are taking drugs, supplements or herbs you have purchased without a recipe.
during the week before surgery:
A few days before the operation, they can request that it stop taking acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), Clopidogrel (Plavix), Warfarin (Coumadin), NapRosyn (Aleve, Naproxen) and other drugs such as These.
Ask the doctor what drugs should take even on the day of surgery.
on the day of surgery:
Do not drink or eat anything after midnight the night before the operation.
Take the drugs that the doctor recommended with a small sip of water.
The doctor or nursing staff will tell you what time you should get to the hospital.
after the procedure
Most patients can get off from bed one hour more or less after this surgery. Most can go home on the same day, but some may need to stay at the one-day hospital for another.
Some men may have trouble removing urine after hernia surgery. If you have problems to urinate, you may need a catheter (a flexible probe that will drain the urine) in your bladder for a short time.
Open removal of the gallbladder
Open removal of the gallbladder is surgery to remove the gallbladder through a large cut into the abdomen.
Description
Surgery is done while you are under general anesthesia, so you will be asleep and you will not feel pain. To carry out surgery:
The surgeon makes an incision of 5 to 7 inches (13 to 18 cm approx.) In the upper right part of the abdomen, just below the ribs.
The area opens so that the surgeon can observe the gallbladder and separate it from other organs.
The surgeon will cut the bile duct and the blood vessels that lead to the gallbladder.
The gallbladder rises softly and extracted from the body.
During surgery , you can take an x-ray called cholangiography. To do this test, dye is injected into the outdoor conduit and an x-ray is taken. The dye helps find calculations that can be outside the gallbladder. It also helps identify ramifications of the conduit. If other calculations are found, the surgeon can be extracted with a special instrument.
Surgery lasts about an hour.
Why the procedure is carried out
Gallbladder removal surgery may be needed if you have pain or other symptoms as a result of gallstones. You may also need surgery if your gallbladder is not working normally.
You can have some or all of these symptoms:
indigestion (including swelling, acidity and gas)
nausea and vomiting
Pain after eating, usually in the upper right or average abdomen area (epigastric pain)
The most common way to extract the gallbladder is using a medical instrument called laparoscope (laparoscopic cholecystectomy). Open vesicle surgery is used when laparoscopic surgery can not be carried out safely. In some cases, the surgeon must switch to an open surgery if the Surgery laparoscopic can not continue successfully.
Other reasons for extirpar the vesicle by means of an open surgery are:
Unexpected bleeding during operation
obesity
pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
Pregnancy (third quarter)
Serious hepatic problems
have undergone previous surgeries in the same area of the belly
Appendicitis
The main characteristic symptom of acute appendicitis is an intense abdominal pain, located on the lower right side of the abdomen, near the hip bone.
However, the pain of appendicitis can also begin slightly and diffusely, without being located in a specific region of the abdomen being able to feel some discomfort around the navel. After a few hours, it is very common that this pain is concentrating where the Appendix is located, that is, on the lower right side of the belly.
If you suspect you may have an appendicitis, select the symptoms presented below:
Generalized belly pain
Intense pain on the lower right side of the abdomen
nausea or vomiting
Loss of appetite
Persistent low fever (between 37.5 ° C and 38 ° C)
Malester General
constipation or diarrhea
Belheated belly or excess gas
A way that can help confirm appendicitis at home is to make a slight pressure on the region where pain is presented and then released quickly. If the pain is more intense, it can be a sign of appendicitis and, therefore, it is advisable to go to the hospital emergency so that it is evaluated by the doctor at the clinical level and indicate the performance of examinations such as an abdominal ultrasound, to confirm if There is some change in the Appendix.
In some cases, these symptoms may also appear due to excess gas, but if they do not improve after 1 day, you should go to the hospital to be evaluated and verified if the symptoms correspond to that of an appendicitis.
Learn more details about appendicitis and how appendectomy is performed, which is the operation to extract the Appendix once its inflammation is diagnosed.
How to identify appendicitis in the baby
Appendicitis is a rare problem in babies, however, when it occurs, it causes symptoms such as pain in the belly, fever and vomiting. In addition to this, it can also be noted, in some cases, a swelling in the belly, as well as extreme tact sensitivity, which translates with easy crying by touching the belly, for example.
Therefore, if there are suspicion of appendicitis, it is very important to go immediately to the emergency or pediatric service, so that the examinations are carried out to quickly start adequate treatment.
Symptoms of chronic appendicitis
Even though acute appendicitis is the most common type, some people can develop chronic appendicitis, in which generalized and diffuse abdominal pain arises, being able to be a little more intense on the right side and under the abdomen. This pain can last several months or years, until the correct diagnosis is made.
When you should go to the doctor
You should go immediately to the hospital emergency if the symptoms of an appendicitis arise, especially if there is:
Increased abdominal pain;
Fever above 38 ° C;
chills and tremors;
diarrhea or vomiting with blood.
These symptoms may indicate that the appendix broke and the stool spread through the abdominal region, being able to cause a serious infection called peritonitis.
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